Market Snapshot
Life insurance market size was valued at US$ 7.59 trillion in 2024 and is estimated to surpass US$ 16.35 trillion by 2033 at an exponential CAGR of 8.9% from 2025 to 2033.
Key Findings
A substantial underinsured population is creating a powerful opportunity within the life insurance market. An estimated 102 million U.S. adults recognize a personal need for more life insurance coverage. Key segments driving this demand include 50 million middle-income Americans and 54 million women, who have identified specific gaps in their financial protection. The current scale is already vast, with 134.93 million individual policies in force and over 118 million people covered by group plans in 2024. These figures point to a widespread and acknowledged need for coverage, signaling a clear runway for growth.
Economic strength and evolving product structures of the life insurance market are actively fueling market expansion. Individual life insurance premiums reached a record US$ 16.2 billion in 2024, with forecasts anticipating a sustained high of at least US$ 15.9 billion. Consumers are also seeking more robust protection, evidenced by the average policy face amount rising to US$ 178,000 in 2025. The related market for individual annuities is also surging, projected to surpass a record US$ 400 billion in 2024. Supporting this growth, the digital insurance market is on track to expand by an estimated US$ 67.23 billion by 2028, providing new avenues to meet consumer needs.
Technology and customer experience expectations are fundamentally reshaping how consumers approach life insurance market. The investment in innovation is significant, with global insurtech funding projected to reach US$ 4.2 billion in 2024, following a strong US$ 1.31 billion infusion in the first quarter of 2025 alone. Customer satisfaction has become a critical factor, with firms like Mutual of Omaha and State Farm setting benchmarks with high scores of 707 and 697, respectively. Furthermore, the proliferation of wellness technology, marked by an expected 776 million wearable device shipments in 2024, is creating demand for more personalized, data-driven insurance solutions.
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Unlocking Value Through Hyper-Personalization and Embedded Insurance Solutions
The life insurance market is poised for transformative growth by capitalizing on two emergent, data-driven trends that redefine product relevance and accessibility.
Gig Economy Demands a New Breed of Flexible Life Insurance
The explosive growth of the independent workforce is carving out a new, high-potential demand segment within the life insurance market. The number of U.S. gig workers is projected to hit 90 million by 2025, representing a massive group historically cut off from traditional employer-sponsored benefits. To serve them, 25 new dedicated insurtech APIs were launched in 2024 to facilitate integration with gig platforms. Investment is following, with the average Series A funding for gig-focused insurtechs reaching US$ 8 million in the first quarter of 2025. Insurers also established 40 new data-sharing agreements with major gig economy companies in 2024 to streamline offerings.
The result is a more accessible and tailored product landscape. Automated underwriting systems in the life insurance market processed 200,000 applications for freelancers in 2024, demonstrating scalability. Demand is projected to generate 1.5 million new policies for gig workers in 2025, with an average initial coverage amount of US$ 150,000. True innovation is seen in portability, with 50,000 workers transferring their policies between platforms in 2024. Products are also more specific, with 100,000 policies bundled with disability riders for income protection. Momentum is further supported by a favorable regulatory environment, with 8 states operating active portable benefits pilot programs.
Generational Wealth Transfer Creates Unprecedented Demand for Complex Life Policies
An immense intergenerational wealth transfer, estimated at US$ 84 trillion, is driving sophisticated demand for advanced solutions in the life insurance market. High-net-worth families require complex instruments for estate preservation, leading to the underwriting of 4,500 jumbo policies with face values over US$ 10 million in 2024 alone. The average face value of a comprehensive life insurance portfolio for these clients is expected to reach US$ 25 million in 2025. These individuals are acting decisively, with the average age of a client establishing an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) being 58 in 2024, indicating proactive planning.
The financial mechanisms supporting this demand are robust and specialized. Insurers originated US$ 12 billion in premium financing loans in 2024 to help clients acquire necessary coverage without liquidating other assets. Demand across the global life insurance market is also geographically concentrated, with 1,500 of the new jumbo policies being issued for clients in California and Florida. Private Placement Life Insurance (PPLI) remains a key tool, with 1,800 policies issued in 2024; notably, 600 of these were Variable Universal Life (VUL) products. To manage these complex cases, insurers processed 10,000 requests for in-force policy illustrations for estate reviews in 2024 and are projected to see 500 family offices increase their life insurance allocations in 2025.
Competitive Landscape: Giants Pivot and Insurtechs Pounce in a High-Stakes Global Arena
The global life insurance market is a fiercely contested arena where legacy behemoths like Prudential Financial in the U.S. and Allianz in Europe are defending their dominant market positions against a wave of challengers. Their primary customer base has traditionally been high-net-worth individuals and the mass-affluent segment, reached through extensive agent networks. Their core strategy is now a multi-pronged approach: investing billions in AI to accelerate underwriting and claims, acquiring innovative insurtechs to bolt on new capabilities, and forming strategic partnerships to embed insurance products within banking and wellness ecosystems. Their competitive growth relies on leveraging their vast capital and brand trust to modernize operations while protecting their profitable, complex business lines like wealth transfer and annuities.
Conversely, digital-native players like Ethos and Bestow are waging an asymmetric battle in the life insurance market, laser-targeting the underserved middle-market and millennial demographics who prioritize speed and transparency. Their market position is that of a disruptor, utilizing a direct-to-consumer (D2C) model that bypasses traditional agents entirely. Their major strategy is built on a superior technology stack, leveraging data analytics and AI to offer instant, no-exam underwriting for term life policies. Their competitive growth strategy is to gain a foothold with simple, affordable products, deliver an exceptional customer experience, and then expand their offerings. They compete not on brand legacy but on efficiency, accessibility, and a lower cost structure.
Segmental Analysis
Annuity Premiums Surge Fueled by Widespread Demand for Guaranteed Income
Based on type, the annuity premiums and deposits segment asserted its dominance in the life insurance market, commanding a significant share of consumer investment in 2024. A primary reason for its ascendancy is the growing wave of retirees seeking reliable and guaranteed income streams to safeguard their financial future against market volatility. Total annuity sales hit a record US$ 432.4 billion in 2024, a substantial increase from the previous year. The momentum continued into the first half of 2025, which saw total sales of US$ 223 billion. Fixed-indexed annuity (FIA) sales were a major contributor, reaching a record US$ 125.5 billion in 2024. Registered Index-Linked Annuities (RILAs) also saw robust growth, with sales hitting US$ 65.2 billion in 2024, marking an 11th consecutive year of growth. Traditional variable annuity (VA) sales experienced their first growth in three years, jumping to US$ 61.2 billion. Even income annuities reached new highs, with Single Premium Immediate Annuity (SPIA) sales totaling US$ 13.6 billion and Deferred Income Annuity (DIA) sales reaching US$ 4.9 billion in 2024.
This remarkable growth reflects a fundamental shift in consumer priorities within the life insurance market. The demand for protection-based solutions remains exceptionally high, driving competition and innovation. In the second quarter of 2025 alone, annuity sales reached a record US$ 116.6 billion. During that same quarter, RILA sales were US$ 19.6 billion and fixed-rate deferred annuities brought in US$ 44.2 billion. Fixed indexed annuities held steady at US$ 31.4 billion in Q2 2025, while traditional variable annuities saw sales of US$ 14.7 billion. Looking forward, projections for total annuity sales in 2025 range between US$ 364 billion and US$ 410 billion, signaling sustained strength. The combined sales for annuities from 2022 to 2024 topped an impressive US$ 1.1 trillion.
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Regional Analysis
North America: A Market Defined by Scale and Sophistication
North America commands the global life insurance market with over 32.20% market share, a position defined by immense financial scale and advanced market dynamics. In the first half of 2024, U.S. life insurers reported US$ 18 billion in net income and collected US$ 700 billion in direct premiums and deposits. Total benefits and claims paid to policyholders in the U.S. reached a staggering US$ 965.6 billion in 2024. The industry's stability is further underscored by its asset base, with U.S. life insurers holding US$ 5 trillion in cash and invested assets. Private equity-owned insurers are a significant force, holding US$ 704.3 billion in assets at the close of 2024.
The life insurance market's sophistication is evident in its investment strategies and technological adoption. Private equity-owned insurers increased their investments in alternative assets to US$ 43.1 billion in 2024. The U.S. industry's total capital and surplus stood at US$ 507 billion after the first six months of 2024, demonstrating robust financial health. In Canada, insurers are rapidly integrating technology, with a notable focus on AI for underwriting and digital platforms to enhance customer service. This tech-forward approach is crucial for managing the enormous scale of business, such as the US$ 106 billion in net cash from operations reported by U.S. life insurers in the first half of 2024.
Asia Pacific: The Epicenter of Unprecedented Market Expansion
The Asia Pacific region is the undisputed growth engine of the global life insurance market, characterized by massive volume and rapid digital adoption. In the first quarter of 2024, Chinese insurers issued an incredible 20.6 billion new insurance policies and collected US$ 303 billion in premiums. China Life alone provided pension insurance coverage to 96.32 million senior customers in 2024, showcasing the immense scale of demand. This growth is not limited to China; India's digital insurance sales saw substantial growth between 2020 and 2024, and the country is home to over 150 active insurtech firms.
The region's growth is driven by a combination of rising incomes and a cultural emphasis on long-term savings. The life segment is dominant, accounting for the largest share of the regional insurance market. In Japan, life insurance is deeply embedded in personal finance. The rapid digitization is transforming distribution, with India's top insurtech aggregators experiencing remarkable growth in gross written premiums. This combination of scale, speed, and digital transformation solidifies Asia Pacific’s position as the fastest-growing life insurance market.
Europe: A Mature Market Driven by Strategic Consolidation
The European life insurance market is defined by strategic consolidation and a focus on high-value, specialized products. The United Kingdom's bulk annuity market is a prime example of this sophistication, hitting a record £47.6 billion in 2024 across 293 separate deals. In the second half of 2024 alone, 12 deals valued at over £1 billion each were completed. The market also saw £5.8 billion in longevity swap transactions, demonstrating a focus on de-risking large pension schemes.
Across the continent, M&A activity continues to reshape the landscape. In the first half of 2024, private equity deals in the European life sector were notable. The life insurance market shows a preference for established distribution channels, with bancassurance playing a key role, particularly in countries like France, which leads revenue rankings. While overall growth is more measured compared to other regions, the European market’s strength lies in its stability, the technical complexity of its transactions, and the continuous strategic repositioning of its key players to optimize capital and capture value in a mature economic environment.
Strategic Capital Reshapes the Global Insurance Landscape in 2024
Top Companies in the Life insurance Market
Market Segmentation Overview
By Type
By Region
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